Intracellular Aluminium in Inflammatory and Glial Cells in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Report
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr; 16(8): 1459. Published online 2019 Apr 24. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081459
Matthew Mold,1 Jason Cottle,2 Andrew King,3 and Christopher Exley1,
1The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
2School of Medicine, David Weatherly Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
3Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
Abstract
(1) Introduction: In 2006, we reported on very high levels of aluminium in brain tissue in an unusual case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The individual concerned had been exposed to extremely high levels of aluminium in their potable water due to a notorious pollution incident in Camelford, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The recent development of aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy has now allowed for the location of aluminium in this brain to be identified. (2) Case Summary: We used aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy in parallel with Congo red staining and polarised light to identify the location of aluminium and amyloid in brain tissue from an individual who had died from a rare and unusual case of CAA. Aluminium was almost exclusively intracellular and predominantly in inflammatory and glial cells including microglia, astrocytes, lymphocytes and cells lining the choroid plexus. Complementary staining with Congo red demonstrated that aluminium and amyloid were not co-located in these tissues. (3) Discussion: The observation of predominantly intracellular aluminium in these tissues was novel and something similar has only previously been observed in cases of autism. The results suggest a strong inflammatory component in this case and support a role for aluminium in this rare and unusual case of CAA.
