LAY SUMMARY: About a third of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder experience loss of skills, which is also known as autistic regression. This paper provides an update of the rate of autistic regression in children and the age when they first experience loss of skills, based on current studies. The findings from this review contribute to our understanding of the onset patterns of autistic regression. Unfortunately, studies are not sufficiently similar, making it difficult to provide clear answers on the exact timing or type of regression seen in different children.
Regression
A trend or shift toward a lower or less perfect state such as gradual loss of memories and acquired skills, or reversion to an earlier mental or behavioral level. – Merriam-Webster
“Rates of regression were much lower using retrospective or categorical measures (from 29 to 47%). Agreement among different measurement methods was low. Declining trajectories of development, consistent with a regressive onset pattern, are common in children with ASD and may be more the rule than the exception.”
INTERPRETATION:
Our findings suggest that predisposition to autoimmunity, and immune/inflammatory activation, may be associated with autistic regression.
Excerpt:
“Children who have (mitochondrial-related) dysfunctional cellular energy metabolism might be more prone to undergo autistic regression between 18 and 30 months of age if they also have infections or immunizations at the same time.”
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“Autistic disorder change points years are coincident with introduction of vaccines manufactured using human fetal cell lines, containing fetal and retroviral contaminants, into childhood vaccine regimens. This pattern was repeated in the US, UK, Western Australia and Denmark. Thus, rising autistic disorder prevalence is directly related to vaccines manufactured utilizing human fetal cells. Increased paternal age and DSM revisions were not related to rising autistic disorder prevalence.”
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“Dendritic cells play key roles in modulating immune responses and differences in frequencies or functions of these cells may result in immune dysfunction in children with ASD. These data further implicate innate immune cells in the complex pathophysiology of ASD.”
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“This study suggests that febrile seizures and family history of neuropsychiatric disorders are correlated with autistic regression.”
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“We found that abnormal brain enlargement was most commonly found in boys with regressive autism. Brain size in boys without regression did not differ from controls.”
“These results suggest that there may be distinct neural phenotypes associated with different onsets of autism.”
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“Conclusion This finding has immense value in understanding many of the known biochemical changes reported in autism. As NF-κB is a response to stressors of several kinds and a master switch for many genes, autism may then arise at least in part from an NF-κB pathway gone awry.”
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“Overall, this evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ASD.”
