Aluminum

A chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, and forms a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. – Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference

Aluminum salts are used as adjuvants in some vaccines, and are associated with the following conditions that we find in those with autism: Immune activation, Inflammation, Neuroinflammation, impairments in autophagy, dendritic abnormalities, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglial activation, increased levels of IL-6, oxidative stress, and changes in gene expression. – doi: 10.3390/toxics10090518

High levels of aluminum has been found in post-mortem brains of those with autism. – doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.012

Aluminum / Cadmium / Genes / Mercury / Metallothionein / Seizure / Thimerosal / Toxicants / Zinc

The role of environmental trace element toxicants on autism: A medical biogeochemistry perspective

Excerpt:
“The Cr, As and Al are found in high concentrations in the blood of an autistic child when compared to normal child reference values. The toxic metals, particularly aluminium, are primarily responsible for difficulties in socialization and language skills disabilities. Zinc and copper are important elements in regulating the gene expression of metallothioneins (MTs), and zinc deficiency may be a risk factor for ASD pathogenesis. Autistics frequently have zinc deficiency combined with copper excess; as part of the treatment protocol, it is critical to monitor zinc and copper levels in autistic people, particularly those with zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency is linked to epileptic seizures, which are common in autistic patients. Higher serum manganese and copper significantly characterize people who have ASD. Autistic children have significantly decreased lead and cadmium in urine, whereas they have significantly higher urine Cr. A higher level of As and Hg was found in the ASD individual’s blood.”

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  • February 2, 2023
20 Papers / 3 Studies / Adjuvant / Aluminum / Autophagy / Blood brain barrier / Cytokines / Dendritic cells / Genes / Glial Cells / IL-6 / Immune / Inflammation / Neuroinflammation / Oxidative Stress / Review / Toxicants

Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants

Excerpts:
“As a result of these pieces of evidence (epidemiological, clinical and preclinical data) pointing to a potential causal association between early ABA (aluminum-based adjuvants) exposure and increased ASD risk, new hypotheses regarding neurological and immunological consequences of ABA-containing vaccines and novel clinical strategies (i.e., postponing of ABA-containing vaccines and replacement of ABAs with calcium phosphate are now being considered.“

“Our review presents the lack of fundamental scientific data demonstrating that Al adjuvants are safe and do not induce any long-term side effects. It also supports further investigation related to the effects of early Al adjuvant exposures occurring in combination with genetic susceptibility factors, including autophagy, immune and inflammation process genes. As accumulating evidence shows that modulating the levels of autophagy may increase the risk of NDDs, such studies will elucidate a new etiology for these complex disorders and contribute to develop potential new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.”

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  • August 31, 2022
Aluminum / Mercury / ROS / Thimerosal

Association of autism with toxic metals: A systematic review of case-control studies

Excerpt:
“Six case-control studies with 425 study subjects met our inclusion criteria. A total of four studies indicated higher levels of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Al, Sn, Sb, Ba, TI, W, and Zr in whole blood, RBC, in whole blood, RBC, and hair samples of children with autism compared with control suggestive of a greater toxic metal exposure (immediate and long-term). Three studies identified significantly higher concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg in urine and hair samples of autistic children compared to control suggesting decreased excretion and possible high body burden of these metals. The findings from this review demonstrate that high levels of toxic metals are associated with ASD, therefore, critical care is necessary to reduce body burden of these metals in children with ASD as a major therapeutic strategy.”

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  • January 1, 2022
Aluminum / Cadmium / Mercury / Thimerosal

Metal and essential element levels in hair and association with autism severity

Excerpt:
“Results: A significant and positive correlation was found between hair metal burden (lead, aluminum, arsenic and cadmium levels) and severity of ASD symptoms (social communication deficits and repetitive, restrictive behaviors). Hair zinc level were inversely related with age while there was a negative, significant association between hair zinc level and severity of autistic symptoms (defective functional play and creativity and increase of stereotyped behavior). Lead, molybdenum and manganese hair levels were inversely correlated with cognitive level (full intelligence quotient) in ASD individuals.

Conclusions: The present study suggests the importance to combine metallomics analysis with pertinent disease features in ASD to identify potential environmental risk factors on an individual level possibly in the early developmental period.”

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  • January 1, 2020
Aluminum / Astrocytes / Glial Cells / Inflammation / Lymphocytes / Neuroinflammation

Intracellular Aluminium in Inflammatory and Glial Cells in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Report

Discussion: The observation of predominantly intracellular aluminium in these tissues was novel and something similar has only previously been observed in cases of autism. The results suggest a strong inflammatory component in this case and support a role for aluminium in this rare and unusual case of CAA.

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  • April 24, 2019
20 Papers / Aluminum / CRPS / Cytokines / Fever / Glial Cells / HPV vaccine / IL-1β / IL-6 / Immune / Inflammation / Mercury / Neuroinflammation / Review / ROS / TNF-α / Vaccine adverse events

Post-vaccination inflammatory syndrome: a new syndrome

Except:
“There is a growing body of work to support the role of inflammatory cytokines in ASD. An emerging focus of research into the etiology of ASD has suggested neuroinflammation as one of the major candidates underlying the biologica model [5]. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in children with ASD and correlated with regressive autism, as well as impaired communication and aberrant behavior [6-8]. Vargas [9] showed an active neuroinflammatory process in the cerebral cortex, white matter, and in the cerebellum of autistic patients. Immunocytochemichal studies showed marked activation of microglia [5].”

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  • January 1, 2019
Aluminum / Casein / Folate

Autism pathogenesis: Piecing it all together, from end to beginning …

Excerpt:

“Increased extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (EA-CSF) have been observed in imaging studies of infant brains, who go on to develop autism. Folate deficiency can cause defects in neural development that can affect CSF production and drainage. Folate receptor alpha antibodies (FRAA) are observed in 75% of autism patients. Maternal FRAA have also been observed in the case of neural tube defects.

Folate deficiency can cause aluminum accumulation in the brain. Autistic brains have been shown to accumulate aluminum. FRAA in the child or mother can therefore explain all the observations”

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  • November 30, 2018
Adjuvant / Aluminum / Autoimmunity / Genes / GI / Immune

Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation?

Abstract

There are similarities between the immune response following immunization with aluminum adjuvants and the immune response elicited by some helminthic parasites, including stimulation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilia. Immunization with aluminum adjuvants, as with helminth infection, induces a Th2 type cell mediated immune response, including eosinophilia, but does not induce an environment conducive to the induction of regulatory mechanisms. Helminths play a role in what is known as the hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that decreased exposure to microbes during a critical time in early life has resulted in the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and atopic disorders over the past few decades, especially in Western countries. In addition, gut and lung microbiome composition and their interaction with the immune system plays an important role in a properly regulated immune system. Disturbances in microbiome composition are a risk factor for asthma and allergies. We propose that immunization with aluminum adjuvants in general is not favorable for induction of regulatory mechanisms and, in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and microbiome theory, can be viewed as an amplifying factor and significant contributing risk factor for allergic diseases, especially in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.

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  • May 3, 2018

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